Motivation refers to _____________.

a. the stimulus required to cause a consumer to do something uncharacteristic of himself.
b. a learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way.
c. a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
d. the energizing force that stimulates behavior to satisfy a consumer need.
e. the way people see themselves and the way they believe others see them.